The Seeds Ordinance, 1977

An Ordinance to provide for regulating the quality of certain seeds for sale and for matters connected therewith.

Act No. Ordinance NO. XXXIII OF 1977

Date: 19th July, 1977

An Ordinance to provide for regulating the quality of certain seeds for sale and for matters connected therewith. WHEREAS it is expedient to provide for regulating the quality of certain seeds for sale for matters connected therewith; NOW, THEREFORE, in pursuance of the Proclamations of the 20th August, 1975, and the 8th November, 1975, and in exercise of all powers enabling him in that behalf, the President is pleased to make and promulgate the following Ordinance :-

Section 1. Short title

This Ordinance may be called the Seeds Ordinance, 1977.

Section 2. Definitions

In this Ordinance unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,-

(a) “agriculture” means food and fibre crop production and includes horticulture;

(b) “Board” means the National Seed Board constituted under sub-section (1) of section 3;

(d) “container” means a box, bottle, tin, barrel, case, receptacle, sack, bag, wrapper or other thing in which any article or thing is placed or packed;

(e) “export” means taking out of Bangladesh to a place outside Bangladesh;

(f) “import” means bringing into Bangladesh from a place outside Bangladesh;

(g) “kind” means one or more related species or sub-species or crop plants each individually or collectively known by one common name, such as, cabbage, paddy and wheat;

(h) “notified kind or variety”, in relation to any seed, means any kind or variety thereof notified under section 5;

¹(hh) “Non-notified kind or Variety” in relation to any Seed means any kind or variety not notified under section 5;

(i) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Ordinance;

²(j) “Seeds” means, except those used for drugs and narcotics, any of the following classes of seeds used for sowing or planting-

(i) seeds of food crops including edible oil seeds and seeds of fruits and vegetables;

(ii) seeds of fibre crops;

(iii) seeds of flower and ornamental plants;

(iv) seeds of forage crops;

and includes seedlings, and tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, root cuttings, all types of grafts and other vegetatively propagated materials;

(k) “Seed Analyst” means a Seed Analyst appointed under section 12;

³(kk) “Seed Dealer” means a person or a company or an organization involved in production of seeds or carrying on the business of importing, selling, hoarding for sale, bartering or otherwise supplying any seed of any kind or variety for agricultural purpose:

Provided that, farmer producing or hoarding seeds partly for his own use and partly for sale in the local hats and bazars by himself or through any other person, in small quantities shall not be treated as Seed Dealer.

(l) “Seed Inspector” means a Seed Inspector appointed under section 13;

(m) “Seed Laboratory” means the Government Seed Laboratory established or, as the case may be, declared under section 4; and

(n) “variety” means a sub-division of a kind identifiable by growth, yields, plant, fruit, seed or other characteristics.

Section 3. National Seed Board

(1) The Government shall, as soon as may be after the commencement of this Ordinance, constitute a Board to be called the National Seed Board to advise the Government on matters arising out of the administration of this Ordinance and to carry out the other functions assigned to it by or under this Ordinance.

⁴(2) The Board shall consist of the following members, namely-

(a) Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, who shall also be the Chairman of the Board;

(b) Vice Chancellor, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh;

(d) Chairman, Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), Dhaka;

(e) Director General, Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Dhaka;

(f) Director General, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur;

(g) Director General, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Dhaka;

(h) Director General, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka;

(i) Director General, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh;

(j) Director General, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Pabna;

(k) Executive Director, Cotton Development Board, Dhaka;

(l) Member Director (Seed), Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation (BADC), Dhaka;

(m) Director, Seed Certification Agency (SCA), Gazipur;

(n) Director, Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI);

(o) Director, Plant Protection Wing, Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE);

(p) a representative of the Ministry of Finance (Finance Division), not below the rank of Joint Secretary;

(q) a representative of the Private Seed Dealers and Merchants Association;

(r) a representative of the Private Seed Growers;

(s) a representative from the farmer's community; and

(t) Director General (Seed), Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka-Member Secretary.

(3) [Omitted by section 3 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005).]

(4) The Government shall provide the Board with such clerical and other staff as it may consider necessary.

(5) The Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette, publish the ⁵names and designations of all the members of the Board and thereupon the Board shall be deemed to be constituted.

(6) [Omitted by section 3 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 1997 (Act No. XIII of 1997).]

⁶(7) The Government may, at any time, terminate the appointment of a member of the Board without assigning any reason. The tenure of the members of the Board representing Private Seed Dealers and Merchants, Private Seed Growers, and Farmer's Community shall be for a period of three years.

(8) When a member of the Board dies, resigns or otherwise ceases to be a member, the vacancy shall be filled by fresh appointment ⁷ *.

(9) No person shall be, or shall continue to be, a member who-

(a) is or at any time has been convicted an offence which, in the opinion of the Government, is an offence involving moral turpitude; or

(b) is of unsound mind and stands so adjudged by a competent Court; or

(d) absents himself from three consecutive meetings of the Board without leave of absence from the Chairman.

(10) The Board may appoint one or more committees consisting wholly of members of the Board or wholly of other persons or partly of members of the Board and partly of other persons, as it thinks fit, for the purpose of discharging such of its functions as may be delegated to such committee or committees by the Board.

(11) The Board may, subject to the previous approval of the Government, make by-laws for regulating its own procedure and the procedure of a committee appointed by it under sub-section (10) and the conduct of all business to be transacted by it or a committee.

(12) No act or proceeding of the Board shall be invalid merely on the ground of the existence of any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of, the Board.

Section 4. Government Seed Laboratory

The Government may ⁸establish Seed Laboratory to be called the Government Seed Laboratory or declare, by notification in the official Gazette, any Seed Laboratory as the Government Seed Laboratory for the purposes of this Ordinance.

Power to specify kinds or varieties of seeds

⁹5. (1) The Government shall regulate the quality of seed of any kind or variety to be sold and used for the purposes of agriculture. If the Government after consultation with the Board is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient to regulate sale, distribution, bartering or otherwise supplying, and import of seed of any kind or variety, it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify such kind or variety to be a notified kind or variety for the purposes of this Ordinance and different kinds or varieties may be notified for different areas.

(2) New varieties of non-notified crops developed by public or private agencies will be subject to approval and certification by the Board before being released.

(3) New varieties of notified crops developed by public agencies will be subject to approval by, and be registered with the Board before being released.

(4) Varieties of non-notified crops those are imported or locally developed by a private agency shall be registered with the Board giving prescribed cultivar description.

(5) In the event of a seed of any kind or variety is found to be harmful or potentially harmful to agriculture in any way, the Board may prohibit the sale, distribution, bartering, or otherwise supplying, import and use of that variety and may take any other action in the interest of agriculture.

(6) Any proposal for release of new varieties of notified crops shall be examined by a Technical Committee headed by the Executive Vice-Chairman. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC), and consisting of representatives of National Agricultural Research System (NARS). Seed Certification Agency, Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), private sector Seed Growers and Farmers Associations and make recommendation to the Board.

(7) Proposal for release of new varieties of non-notified crops developed by any public agency shall be subject to examination by the Technical Committee formed under sub-section (6).

Power to specify the standards of seed quality

¹⁰6. After consultation with the Board, the Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, specify-

(a) the standard regarding the germination percentage, purity percentage, moisture content and such other components of seed quality with respect to any seed of ¹¹any kind or variety;

(b) the mark or label to indicate that such seed conforms to the standard specified under clause (a) and the particulars which such mark or label may contain.

Labeling of Seeds

¹²7A. Seed packaging in containers shall have a label containing batch identification, net weight or count, minimum germination percentage, physical purity, name and address of the company packaging the seed, and the date of packaging.

Regulation of sale of seeds of notified kinds or varieties

¹³7. No Seed Dealer shall carry on the business of selling, keeping for sale, offering to sell, bartering or otherwise supplying any seed of any notified kind or variety, unless- ¹⁴(a) such kind or variety of seed is registered with the Board; ¹⁵(aa) for the purpose of this Ordinance every Seed Dealer shall be registered with the Board;

(b) such seed is identifiable as its kind or variety;

(c) such seed conforms to the standards of seed quality and the container of such seed bears, in the prescribed manner, the mark or label containing the correct particulars thereof specified under clauses (a) and (b) of section 6;

(d) he complies with such other requirements as may be prescribed.

Seed Certification Agency

¹⁶8. (1) The Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, establish a Certification Agency to be called the Seed Certification Agency (SCA) to carry out the functions entrusted to it by or under this Ordinance.

(2) The functions of SCA shall among other things include:

(a) to advise seed producers on production, processing and quality control of seeds;

(b) to carry out post market quality control through inspection, testing;

(d) to certify all Breeder and Foundation seed of controlled crops;

(e) to certify seeds for seed enterprises as a service, if resources permit;

(f) to co-ordinate the variety evaluation and release mechanism for notified crops;

(g) to advise NSB on the de-notification of varieties for reasons of poor performance or disease and pest susceptibility;

(h) to help DAE in the promotion and use of improved seed of HYV's among farmers;

(i) to collect samples of truthfully labeled seeds throughout the country and check their declared standards through appropriate tests; and

(j) to enforce the provisions of the Seed Ordinance, 1977 and take appropriate legal measures against the offenders.

Section 9. Grant of certificate by the Certification Agency

(1) Any person selling, keeping for sale, offering to sell, bartering or otherwise supplying any seed of ¹⁷any kind or variety may, if he desires to have such seed certified by the Certification Agency, apply to the Certification Agency for grant of a certificate for the purpose.

(2) Every application under sub-section (1) shall be made in such form, shall contain such particulars and shall be accompanied by such fees as may be prescribed.

(3) On receipt of any such application for the grant of a certificate, the Certification Agency may, after such enquiry as it thinks fit and after satisfying itself that the seed to which the application relates conforms at least to the minimum limits of germination and purity specified for that seed under clause (a) of section 6, grant a certificate in such form and on such conditions as may be prescribed.

Section 10. Revocation of certificate

If the Certification Agency is satisfied, either on a reference made to it in this behalf or otherwise, that-

(a) the certificate granted by it under section 9 has been obtained by misrepresentation as to any essential fact, or

(b) the holder of the certificate has, without reasonable cause, failed to comply with the conditions subject to which the certificate has been granted or has contravened any of the provisions of this Ordinance or the rules made thereunder,

then, without prejudice to any other penalty to which the holder of the certificate may be liable under this Ordinance, the Certification Agency may, after giving the holder of the certificate an opportunity of showing cause, revoke the certificate.

Section 11. Appeal

(1) Any person aggrieved by a decision of the Certification Agency under section 9 or section 10 may, within thirty days from the date on which the decision is communicated to him and on payment of such fees as may be prescribed, prefer an appeal to such authority as may be specified by the Government in this behalf:

Provided that the appellate authority may entertain an appeal after the expiry of the said period of thirty days if it is satisfied that the appellant was prevented by sufficient cause from filing the appeal in time.

(2) On receipt of an appeal under sub-section (1), the appellate authority shall, after giving the appellant an opportunity of being heard, dispose of the appeal as expeditiously as possible.

(3) Every order of the appellate authority under this section shall be final.

Section 12. Seed Analyst

The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint such persons as it thinks fit, having the prescribed qualifications, to be Seed Analyst and define the areas within which they shall exercise jurisdiction.

Section 13. Seed Inspectors

(1) The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint such persons as it thinks fit, having the prescribed qualifications, to be Seed Inspectors and define the areas within which they shall exercise jurisdiction.

(2) Every Seed Inspector shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860) and shall be officially subordinate to such authority as the Government may specify in this behalf.

Section 14. Powers of Seed Inspectors

(1) The Seed Inspector may-

(a) take samples of any seed of ¹⁸any kind or variety from-

(i) any person selling such seed; or

(ii) any person who is, in the course of conveying, delivering or preparing to deliver such seed to a purchaser or a consignee; or

(iii) a purchaser or a consignee after delivery of such seed to him;

(b) send such sample for analysis to the Seed Analyst for the area within which such sample has been taken;

(c) exercise such other powers as may be necessary for carrying out the purposes of this Ordinance or any rule made thereunder.

(2) Where any sample of any seed of ¹⁹any kind or variety is taken under clause (a) of sub-section (1), its cost, calculated at the rate at which such seed is usually sold to the public, shall be paid on demand to the person from whom it is taken.

(3) The power conferred by this section includes power to break open any container in which any seed of ²⁰any kind or variety may be contained or to break open the door of any premises where any such seed may be kept for sale:

Provided that the power to break open the door shall be exercised only after the owner or any other person in occupation of the premises, if he is present therein, refuses to open the door on being called open to do so.

(4) Where the Seed Inspector takes any ²¹action under clause (a) of sub-section (1), he shall, as far as possible, call not less than two persons to be present at the time when such action is taken and take their signatures on a memorandum to be prepared in the prescribed form and manner.

(5) The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898) shall, so far as may be, apply to any search or seizure made this section as they apply to any search or seizure made under the authority of a warrant issued under section 98 of the said Code.

Section 15. Procedure to be followed by Seed Inspectors

(1) Whenever a Seed Inspector intends to take sample of any seed of ²²any kind or variety for analysis, he shall-

(a) give notice in writing, then and there, of such intention to the person from whom he intends to take sample;

(b) except in special cases provided by rules made under this Ordinance, take three-representative samples in the prescribed manner and mark and seal or fasten up each sample in such manner as its nature permits.

(2) When samples of any seed of ²³any kind or variety are taken under sub-section (1), the Seed Inspector shall-

(a) deliver one sample to the person from whom it has been taken;

(b) send in the prescribed manner another sample for analysis to the Seed Analyst for the area within which such sample has been taken; and

(c) retain the remaining sample in the prescribed manner for production in case any legal proceedings are taken or for analysis by the Seed Laboratory under sub-section (2) of section 16, as the case may be.

(3) If the person from whom the samples have been taken refuses to accept one of the samples, the Seed Inspector shall send intimation to the Seed Analyst of such refusal and thereupon the Seed Analyst receiving the sample for analysis shall divide it into two parts and shall seal or fasten up one of those parts and shall cause it, either upon receipt of the sample or when he delivers his report, to be delivered to the Seed Inspector who shall retain it for production in case legal proceedings are taken.

(4) Where a Seed Inspector takes any action under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 14-

(a) he shall use all despatch in ascertaining whether or not the seed contravenes any of the provisions of section 7 and if it is ascertained that the seed does not so contravene, forthwith revoke the order passed under the said clause or, as the case may be, take such action as may be necessary for the return of the stock of the seed seized;

(b) if he seized the stock of the seed, he shall, as soon as may be, inform a Magistrate and take his orders as to the custody thereof;

(c) without prejudice to the institution of any prosecution, if the alleged offence is such that the defect may be removed by the possessor of the seed, he shall, on being satisfied that the defect has been so removed, forthwith revoke the order passed, any record, register, document or any other material object under clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 14, he shall, as soon as may be, inform a Magistrate and take his orders as to the custody thereof.

Section 16. Report of Seed Analyst

(1) The Seed Analyst shall, as soon as may be, after the receipt of the sample under sub-section (2) of section 15, analyse the sample at the Seed Laboratory and deliver, in such form as may be prescribed, one copy of the report of result of the analysis to the Seed Inspector and another copy thereof to the person from whom the sample has been taken.

(2) After the institution of a prosecution under this Ordinance, the accused may, on payment of the prescribed fee, make an application to the Court for sending any of the samples mentioned in clause (a) or clause (c) of sub-section (2) of section 15 to the Seed Laboratory for its report and on receipt of the application, the Court shall first ascertain that the mark and the seal or fastening as provided in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 15 are intact and may then despatch the sample under its own seal to the Seed Laboratory which shall thereupon send its report to the Court in the prescribed form within one month from the date of receipt of the sample, specifying the result of the analysis.

(3) The report sent by the Seed Laboratory under sub-section (2), shall supersede the report given by the Seed Analyst under sub-section (1).

(4) Where the report sent by the Seed Laboratory is produced in any proceedings, it shall not be necessary to produce in such proceedings any sample or part thereof taken for analysis.

Import and Export of Seeds

²⁴17. (1) No person shall export or import or cause to be exported or imported any seed of any kind or variety unless it conforms to the standards of seeds quality, and the container of such seeds bears, in the prescribed manner, the mark or label containing the correct particulars thereof specified for that seed under section 6.

(2) Seeds of approved varieties of all notified crops may be imported for commercial sale. Registered seed growers may be permitted to import small quantities of such varieties not approved by NSB for the purpose of research and adaptability testing.

(3) There shall be no restriction on import of seeds of non-notified crops, except for ensuring prescribed quality.

(4) All imported seeds shall be subject to the provisions of the Destructive Inspects and Pests Act, 1914 (Act No. II of 1914).

Section 18. Recognition of seed certification agencies of foreign countries

On the recommendation of the Board, the Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, recognise any seed certification agency established in any foreign country ²⁵for the purposes of this Ordinance.

Cognizance of Offences

²⁶19. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act No. V of 1898), no court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under this Ordinance except upon a complaint in writing, made by a Seed Inspector.

Place and Procedure of trial

²⁷19A. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act No. V of 1898) an offence punishable under this Ordinance may be tried at any place within the local jurisdiction of the metropolitan magistrate or of the magistrate of the first class.

Section 19C. Special Provision regarding fines

Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 32 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act No. V of 1898), it shall be lawful for any metropolitan magistrate or magistrate of the first class to pass a sentence of fine under this Ordinance exceeding ten thousand taka.]

Section 19B. Penalty

If any person contravenes any provision of this Ordinance or any rule made there under, or prevents a Seed Inspector from taking sample under this Ordinance or prevents him from exercising any other power conferred upon him by or under this Ordinance, he shall, on conviction, be punishable-

(a) for the first offence, with imprisonment for a term no exceeding thirty days or with fine which may extend to taka five thousand, and

(b) in the event such person having been previously convicted of any offence under this section, with imprisonment for a term not exceeding ninety days or with fine which may extend to taka twenty thousand.

Section 20. Forfeiture of property

When any person has been convicted under this Ordinance for the contravention of any of the provisions of this Ordinance or the rules made thereunder, the seed in respect of which the contravention has been committed may, if the Court so orders, be forfeited to the Government.

Section 21. Offence by companies

(1) Where an offence under this Ordinance has been committed by a company, every person who at the time the offence was committed was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company as well as the company shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly:

Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment under this Ordinance if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an offence under this Ordinance has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

Explanation.-For the purposes of this section,-

(a) “company” means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals; and

(b) “director”, in relation to a firm, means partner in the firm.

Section 22. Protection of action taken in good faith

No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Government or any officer of the Government for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Ordinance.

Section 23. Power to make rules

(1) The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, make rules to carry out the purposes of this Ordinance.

(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for-

(a) the functions of the Board and the travelling and daily allowances payable to members of the Board and of the committee;

(b) the functions of the Seed Laboratory;

(d) the manner of marking or labelling the container of seed of any notified kind or variety;

(e) the requirements which may be complied with by a person carrying on the business referred to in section 7;

(f) the form of application for the grant of a certificate under section 9, the particulars it may contain, the fees which shall accompany it, the form of the certificate and the conditions subject to which the certificate may be granted;

(g) the form and manner in which and the fee on payment of which an appeal may be preferred under section 11 and the procedure to be followed by the appellate authority in disposing of the appeal;

(h) the qualifications and duties of Seed Analysts and Seed Inspectors;

(i) the manner in which samples may be taken by the Seed Inspectors, the procedure for sending such samples to the Seed Analysts or the Seed Laboratory and the manner of analysing such samples;

(j) the form of report of the result of the analysis, and the fees payable in respect of such report;

(k) the records to be maintained by a person carrying on the business referred to in section 7 and the particulars which such records shall contain; and

(l) any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed.

Footnotes

1.Clause (hh) was inserted by section 2 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

2.Clause (j) was substituted by section 2 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 1997 (Act No. XIII of 1997)

3.Clause (kk) was substituted by section 2 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

4.Sub-section (2) was substituted by section 3 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

5.The words “names and designations” were substituted for the words “names or designations” by section 3 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005

6.Sub-section (7) was substituted by section 3 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

7.The words “and any person so appointed shall hold office for the unexpired term of his predecessor” were omitted by section 3 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 1997 (Act No. XIII of 1997)

8.The words “establish Seed Laboratory” were substituted for the words “establish a Seed Laboratory” by section 4 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

9.Section 5 was substituted by section 5 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

10.Section 6 was substituted by section 4 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 1997 (Act No. XIII of 1997)

11.The words “any kind or variety” were substituted for the words “any notified kind or variety” by section 6 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

12.Section 7A was inserted by section 8 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

13.Section 7 was substituted by section 5 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 1997 (Act No. XIII of 1997)

14.Clause (a) was substituted by section 7 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

15.Clause (aa) was inserted by section 7 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

16.Section 8 was substituted by section 9 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

17.The words “any kind or variety” were substituted for the words “any notified kind or variety” by section 10 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

18.The words “any kind or variety” were substituted for the words “any notified kind or variety” by section 11 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

19.The words “any kind or variety” were substituted for the words “any notified kind or variety” by section 11 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

20.The words “any kind or variety” were substituted for the words “any notified kind or variety” by section 11 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

21.The word “action” was substituted for the word “section” by section 6 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 1997 (Act No. XIII of 1997)

22.The words “any kind or variety” were substituted for the words “any notified kind or variety” by section 12 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

23.The words “any kind or variety” were substituted for the words “any notified kind or variety” by section 12 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

24.Section 17 was substituted by section 13 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

25.The words “for the purposes” were substituted for the words “of the purposes” by section 14 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

26.Section 19 was substituted by section 15 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)

27.Sections 19A, 19B and 19C were inserted by section 16 of the Seeds (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Act No. XXVI of 2005)